WE'VE ALL DONE IT: scrolled fervently through the seemingly endless
paragraphs of legal copy in order to activate the "Accept" hyperlink and move on
with our lives. We regularly sign away rights to our favorite networking sites
without ever really knowing what we're getting into. If your band's songs are
on Facebook, performances are on YouTube or demos on MySpace, here's what you
need to know about posting (and protecting) original content online.
Essentially, when you click the "Accept" button, you have agreed to provide the
site with a license of your song. In other words, you've granted the site a
limited right to use your work. On Facebook, MySpace and YouTube, the licenses
are non-exclusive (meaning, unsurprisingly, that you're free to license your
songs to other companies as well). Each site has specific terms regarding its
license. The following is a breakdown of their current terms:
Facebook: Facebook's "My Band" is run by Reverbnation.com (a popular
sharing site in its own right). The terms specifically state that neither
ReverbNation nor Facebook's users have any rights to sell or commercialize your
music. At the time of registration, you're given two choices regarding how much
to "give away." Option 1 allows users only to listen to the song on the
Internet. Option 2, however, allows users to download and store your songs and,
effectively, acquire the same rights as they would by purchasing the music. At
the DIY level, this choice carries with it the balance of exposure vs. turning a
profit. Also new to Facebook's terms: when you remove songs from the site, you
automatically terminate the license (this wasn't always the case).
MySpace: MySpace doesn't claim ownership to material posted online. By
accepting their terms, you grant a limited license to MySpace to use your work
in connection with MySpace and their related services. This "use" includes the
right to modify your work, perform it publicly, and reproduce the work. The
license does not allow MySpace to sell or distribute your music outside of
MySpace services. Same as with Facebook, after you remove songs from MySpace,
the license is terminated.
YouTube: When you post on YouTube, your grant the company a "worldwide,
non-exclusive, royalty-free, sublicensable" license to use, distribute, and
create new works from your songs in "any media formats and through any media
channels." You'll note this last term mentioned a sublicense. In general
terms, a sublicense allows the company to license your work to its affiliate
companies. Although MySpace is owned by News Corp, YouTube is owned by Google,
and Microsoft has an ownership stake in Facebook, these sublicenses generally
only apply to directly related companies (such as Internet content delivery
networks and wireless carriers). Also note that YouTube retains the right to
create new works from your work. For the most part, this term allows the
company to alter your work for videos thumbnails, in-site promos, flipbooks,
etc.
Nearly every site has a term regarding copyright infringement. By accepting
the terms, you're essentially promising that none of the content you submit will
violate or infringe the rights of another party. On top of this guarantee,
there are two Federal Statutes that protect Internet companies from you, the
user. (1) The Digital Millennium Copyright Act immunizes liability for copyright
infringement from companies that let bands post music online if there is a
procedure that allows the copyright owner to request the removal of infringing
material; and (2) the Communications Decency Act shields the company from
liability arising out of unauthorized publication on their site. (For tips to
avoid copyright infringement, see Performer's May 2010 article "Borrowing from
Legends").
In light of the information above, it may seem like you're giving too much away
to the company. However, keep in mind all the benefit that you receive in
return, namely immediate publication and unobstructed worldwide access. Best of
all: you retain the rights to sell, take down, or switch up your site content at
your sole discretion.
Adam Barnosky is a practicing attorney based in Boston specializing in
entertainment law, business development and civil litigation. In addition to
his law practice, he consults emerging bands on a variety of legal and business
matters. Find him at www.AdamBarnosky.com
DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this column is general legal
information only. Any use of this column does not create or constitute an
attorney-client privilege.
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